A review of the literature over the past 30 years on the processing of nickel laterites by high temperature acid leaching has been carried out to provide a better understanding of the mineralogy, leaching process chemistry and effect of operating conditions on nickel recovery, residue properties and scaling.
The laterites have been mined for nickel, cobalt, and iron since the late nineteenth century and still comprise the largest single reserve of nickel worldwide. Chromite has been mined directly from the ultramafic rock. Manganese deposits are associated with the Poya terrane basalts. Copper, lead, and zinc deposits have been mined from volcano ...
Laterite, soil layer that is rich in iron oxide and derived from a wide variety of rocks weathering under strongly oxidizing and leaching conditions. It forms in tropical and subtropical regions where the climate is humid. Lateritic soils may contain clay minerals; but they tend to be silica-poor,
Used to classify laterites Different ways of determining (ratio or molecular ratios) or Which fraction tested –full grading, -2.0 mm, -0.425 mm or -0.002 mm Different methods –Brazil –wet chemistry Western Australia –XRD, XRF or wet chemistry and ICP
May 26, 2011· Ni-Co laterites occur along the present or paleo surface above weathered bedrock. With respect to known classifications, three mineralogical subtypes of Ni-Co laterite deposits (Fe oxide, Mg hydrous silicate, and clay silicate) are selected by the dominant Ni-bearing mineral assemblage and statistically tested.
terminology as have laterites." Because of the con-fusion associated with the term laterite (see also Paton and Williams 1972) there has been a ten-dency in recent years to use ferricrete instead. We find that the High Deccan duricrusts are ferricrete of a sort, but still very different from many ferri-cretes that were once termed laterites.
Laterites and lateritic soils are common materials in tropical and equatorial countries and they have been used for a long time in road construction as fill material and as aggregates for road base and foundation layers. In Senegal and other French speaking African countries, road materials are selected according to the CEBTP 1972 rules,
Laterite is a layer of soil that contains aluminum and iron oxide minerals like hematite and goethite This type of soil is found in tropical regions, and its uses include as building material and ...
S.K. Haldar, in Mineral Exploration, 2013. 4.5.2.3 Laterite. Laterite is a consolidated product of humid tropical weathering predominantly composed of goethite, hematite, kaolin, quartz, ± bauxite and other clay minerals. It is red, brown to chocolate colored at the top showing hollow, vesicular, and botryoidal structure. It changes progressively from a nodular iron oxide-rich zone at the top ...
Economic uses. The economic importance of laterites comes from the mining of metals, particularly nickel and aluminium. Bauxite is an aluminium-rich laterite variety, which is commercially in demand. Bauxite patches are found with laterites overlying for a thickness varying from …
Nickel processing, preparation of the metal for use in various products. Although it is best known for its use in coinage, nickel (Ni) has become much more important for its many industrial applications, which owe their importance to a unique combination of properties. Nickel has a relatively high
Nov 21, 2019· Laterites are a type of soil, rich in aluminum, magnesium, iron or in this case nickel that formed through prolonged chemical and mechanical weathering in wet, warm, tropical environments. The name "laterite" is a derivative of the latin word later, or "brick". A long time ago, bricks were carved out of laterites and used as building ...
Redbrown laterites on granites, granitic gneisses, clays and shales are generally hard or harden after drying, whereas laterites an basalts are commonly friable and show an intensive reddish color. Lateritization of alkaline rocks (nepheline syenites, phonolites) often results in formation of highly aluminious laterites (bauxites) with lighter ...
Serpentine-rich zones in saprolite at the base of laterites restrict the circulation of groundwater and thus the amount of cobalt enrichment. It also interferes with the processing of the ore as individual grains need to be crushed in order to liberate ore minerals from gangue intergrowths. Grades of cobalt in laterite deposits vary widely in ...
Jul 15, 2020· The use of laterite ore as a major nickel source is gradually increasing because of the depletion of sulphide ores. However, in contrast to high-grade nickel sulphide ore, low-grade nickel ...
Laterite uses in Construction and Medical Industry. Lets discuss about Laterite uses in construction and medical industry. Rocks are used for various purposes starting from construction of roads, bridges, buildings to pot in kitchen, as a gem stone or just for decorating …
Laterite as a term has been applied indiscriminately in tropical highway engineering to any soil displaying a red coloration. Concretionary laterite is widely used as a sub-base and base material for gravel roads but, owing to confusion of terminology, the application of lateritic materials is frequently misunderstood.
Jun 30, 2020· By contrast, the young laterites on Kohala (~170 to ~300 ka) exhibit greatly contrasting thicknesses, where coastal laterites are thick and interior laterites are thin, suggesting that early weathering on shield volcanoes produces wedge‐shaped laterites near the coast. With time, the thick (coastal) end of the wedge propagates upslope such ...
as laterites, but still have high sesquioxide and kaolinite contents, and low base and primary silicate contents, however, they are neither hard nor capable of hardening. According to Lohnes and Demirel (37), such soils can be referred to as lateritic soils. In this thesis, the terms laterite and lateritic soils will be used
Recently, laterites has been increasingly used in civil engineering projects. However, working with laterite most often requires the improvement of its index properties.
Sep 04, 2018· Nickel laterite deposits are, in relative terms, abundant and located at shallow depths within the earth's crust, making them an ideal low-cost nickel source for the stainless steel industry. I, however, believe that in the future the role of laterites will expand to help fulfill the burgeoning electric vehicle revolution.
Dec 08, 2016· LATERITE STORY Of the various soil types that occur in the tropics and sub-tropics, laterites are of special interest in conjunction with building construction. These are highly weathered soils, which contain large, though extremely variable, proportions of iron and aluminium oxides, as well as quartz and other minerals.
Uses of Laterites • Laterite has been used as an iron ore and a source of nickel. • It's used for building houses, roads, and other structures. • It is also used in the production of bricks, known as soil-cement blocks. Related Information: Tourmaline Deposits In Nigerian States And Its Various uses.
Geologi cal engineering was born of this union. People of an older time employed stone and brick in construction, although cut brick and sawed stone were used more sparingly because of a scarcity in both suitable raw materials and techniques. They were used in Cambodia, for example.
Oct 30, 2017· Nickel Laterites: Low grade, bulk-tonnage deposits that make up 62.4% of current production. Nickel Sulfides: Higher grade, but rarer deposits that make up 37.5% of current production. Many laterite deposits are used to produce nickel pig iron and ferronickel, which are cheap inputs to make Chinese stainless steel.
tification of laterites is the large area of the tropical and subtropical zones involved and the different degrees of laterization encountered in the various parts. Martm and Doyne (21) used the silica-alumina ratio as a classification criterion: Soil Type Laterite soil Lateritic soil Non-lateritic soil Si02/Al203 1. …
Nickel laterites contain a significant amount of water, making drying an important aspect of processing. A rotary dryer is typically used to remove free moisture from the crushed ore, while bound moisture is removed later via a rotary kiln.
Some other studies [20, 22, 27,34] have given some applications of laterites. However, no proper use of a material can be envisaged without its proper characterization. ...
efficient method which uses less energy and is less expensive in dealing with poor soils for road construction is chemical stabilization. The objective of this project therefore is to chemically stabilize poor sub-base soil to be used for road construction using lime and cement as additives.
However, not all laterites are enriched in iron and sometimes they are not even reddish. Some lateritic rocks are mined because of their high aluminum content. Iron-rich variety is mostly used as a construction stone, especially in Asia. A sample from India. Laterite is very common in India due to climatic reasons. Width of sample 9 cm. TUG ...
Laterites are formed by the weathering of ultramafic rocks and are a near-surface phenomenon. Most of the nickel on Earth is believed to be concentrated in the planet's core. Nickel is primarily sold for first use as refined metal (cathode, powder, briquet, etc.) or ferronickel. About 65% of the nickel consumed in the Western World is used to ...
Genesis and types of nickel laterites. Lateritic nickel ores formed by intensive tropical weathering of olivine-rich ultramafic rocks such as dunite, peridotite and komatiite and their serpentinized derivatives, serpentinite which consist largely of the magnesium silicate serpentine and contains approx. 0.3% nickel. This initial nickel content is strongly enriched in the course of lateritization.
Laterite definition, a reddish ferruginous soil formed in tropical regions by the decomposition of the underlying rocks. See more.
Presentation by Eng. S. Banda on: The Use of Laterites in Road Construction in Malawi. The key issues arsing from this presentation may be summarised as follows: - There is a long history of the successful use of laterites in the construction of main roads in Malawi which dates back to the early 1970s (e.g. Liwonde-Zomba) and early